The Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath - 1274 Words

In the novel The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath the prime character, Esther Greenwood, struggles to handle life in her own skin. She feels as though she is trapped in a glass bell jar with no escape because of her incapability to comprehend herself. For example, in chapter one Plath states, â€Å"‘My name s Elly Higginbottom,’ I said. ‘I come from Chicago.’ After that I felt safer. I didn t want anything I said or did that night to be associated with me and my real name and coming from Boston† (Plath 11). In this quote, Esther alters her life story demonstrating her lost sight of her true identity. In addition, Greenwood talks about losing control over her life as a stormy cloud rolls in, shadowing her every move. To further explain, Greenwood voices, â€Å"Only I wasn t steering anything, not even myself. I just bumped from my hotel to work and to parties and from parties to my hotel and back to work like a numb trolleybus. I guess I should have been exci ted the way most of the other girls were, but I couldn t get myself to react. (I felt very still and very empty, the way the eye of a tornado must feel, moving dully along in the middle of the surrounding hullabaloo.)† (Plath 2-3). This citation exemplifies Greenwood’s inability to grasp her life through her boredom with traditionally enjoyable activities. Greenwood has difficulty steering her life in any direction because of she fails to discover her inner self. In addition to the conflict with identity in The Bell Jar, the novel,Show MoreRelatedThe Bell Jar, by Sylvia Plath1318 Words   |  6 Pageswe live. Many authors who seek this understanding fall short of their expectations and find themselves questioning life to an even greater extent than they had prior to their endeavors. One example of this would be author and poet Sylvia Plath, whose novel The Bell Jar parallels the tragic events that occurred throughout her own life. This coming-of-age story follows the life of Esther, a very bright and introverted student from Boston. She spends a month in New York City as a contest-winning juniorRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1211 Words   |  5 PagesOn January 14th of 1963, Sylvia Plath had finally completed The Bell Jar after approximately two years of writing. This novel could have been considered a partial autobiography, because the main character Esther Greenwood eerily represents Sylvia Plath. There are a number of references to Plath’s real life throughout the book, too many for it to be considered a mere coincidence. Within the story, Esther Greenwood considers and attempts suicide quite frequently. Could this novel have been foreshadowingRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesthe novel been translated into nearly a dozen different languages, but it is also the only novel under the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath. She wrote this novel to resemble her life whenever she was dealing with mental illness. It was published in 1967 and was not published in the United States until 1971. After the first publication in the United Kingdom, Plath committed suicide in a very tragic way.   Even though this novel can be viewed as â€Å"dark†, many english classes read this world wideRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bell Jar by: Sylvia Plath Depression is a serious topic throughout the world, especially in America. Depression can result in someone feeling completely alone. There is no direct cause for depression in adolescents, but it can be brought on by the maturing process, stress from failure in some sort, a traumatic or disturbing event such as death, or even a break up. Sure, everyone has an off day here and there, where they feel like they shouldn’t even bother getting out bed in the morning, butRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1211 Words   |  5 PagesSylvia Plath Research Paper Title The Bell Jar place[s] [the] turbulent months[of an adolescent’s life] in[to] mature perspective (Hall, 30). In The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath uses parallelism, stream of consciousness, the motif of renewal and rebirth, symbolism of the boundary-driven entrapped mentally ill, and auto-biographical details to epitomize the mental downfall of protagonist, Esther Greenwood. Plath also explores the idea of how grave these timeless and poignant issues can affect a fragileRead More The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1820 Words   |  7 PagesIdentity is fragile and is a characteristic that every person must discover without hiding behind inexperience’s and excluding themselves from the outside world of reality or else their own personal bell jar will suffocate them alive. The Bell Jar, a semi-autobiographical novel written by Sylvia Plath portrays how a young woman with too many identities and unrealistic expectations overwhelms herself to the point that she contemplates and attempts su icide multiple times. Esther Greenwood, a young collegeRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath942 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment of her relationship with many characters in the novel, The Bell Jar. Esther is mentally and emotionally different than a majority of the people in her community. As a result of this state, she often has difficulty taking criticism to heart. Her depression continues to build throughout the novel as she remains in the asylum. It does not help that she has no aid from her loved ones. In the novel, The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath utilizes the relationships that Esther shares with Buddy Willard MrsRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1554 Words   |  6 Pagestrials and triumphs in their personal life, their relationships with others and their surroundings. In the Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath explores the role of women in society in 1950s New York City through her relationships and interactions. Esther Greenwood is the major character and is therefore central to the no vel. The book is considered to be a â€Å"roman a` clef† portraying the painful summer of Sylvia Plath’s psychotic breakdown in 1953, and contains â€Å"thinly disguised portraits of her family and friends†Read MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath1940 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the definition of the word â€Å"bell jar† is, â€Å"a bell-shaped usually glass vessel designed to contain objects or preserve gases and or a vacuum†. Sylvia Plath’s title, The Bell Jar, symbolically represents her feeling towards the seclusion and inferiority women endured trapped by societes glass vessel during the 1950’s. The Bell Jar, follows the life of Esther Greenwood, the protagonist and narrator of the story, during her desperate attempt to become a womanRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath851 Words   |  4 Pages The bell Jar by Sylvia Plath is a bildungsroman fictional novel, and documents a first person account of Esther Greenwood’s struggle with depression from her late teens to early twenty’s. During Esther’s final path of destruction, her encounter with Marco leads her to one of many revelations about societies expectations for women and this reality along with many other factors sends Esther to her near demise. Before Esther’s encounter with Marco she was experiencing life in New York

Study on Carbohydrates Free Essays

string(100) " drink on various days,† but â€Å"we you will receive cannot tell you at this or what they contain\." Effect of drinking soda sweetened high-fructose corn syrup on food Michael ABSTRACT in the with intake aspartame and body or weight G TordoffandAnnette To examine MAlleva suggest that sweet oral stimulation initiates a cephalic-phase metabolic reflex that increases appetite (10). The long-term effects of artificial sweeteners on food intake and body weight are less clear. Although some investigators report weight gain in animals given artificial sweeteners to eat or drink (1 1-13), the majority reports no effects (11, 14-17). We will write a custom essay sample on Study on Carbohydrates or any similar topic only for you Order Now What little work has been done in humans does little to answer the question. Two correlative comparisons ofusers and nonusers of artificial sweeteners showed that the sweeteners had no effect on body weight (18, 19). In contrast, an epidemiological study of 78 694 women found that reported weight gain was greater in those who used artificial sweeteners than in those who did not (20). There are only three published studies that have used a causative amount when approach. ofweight ate APM replaced In one, dieters who two, during were either hether artificial sweeteners aid intake and body weight, we gave free-living, normal-weight subjects 1 150 g soda sweetened with aspartame (APM) or high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) per day. Relative to when no soda was given, drinking APM-sweetcontrol of long-term food ened soda for 3 wk significantly reduced calorie intake drinking the of both females weight sweetened take (n = 9) and males (n = of males but not of females. soda body for 3 wk signif icantly and 2 1) and However, decreased the body HFCScalorie in- increased Downloaded from www. ajcn. org by guest on June 1, 2011 eight of both sexes. Ingesting either type of soda reduced intake of sugar from the diet without affecting intake of other nutrients. Drinking large volumes of APMsweetened soda, in contrast to drinking HFCS-sweetened soda, reduces sugar intake and thus may facilitate the control of calorie intake and body weight. Am J Gun Nutr 1990; 5 1:963-9. encouraged lost the same or discouraged and to use APM-sweetened (2 1). In the other fewer calories all sucrose products hospitala 6- or ized lean period obese subjects KEY WORDS tose corn syrup, Human sugar, food intake, aspartame, body high-fruc- weetness, weight, weight control Introduction It is generally benefit believed taste that artificial sweeteners (1). provide Indeed, the foods of a desirable without calories and drinks containing these substances are frequently labeled â€Å"diet. † However, the possibility that sweet, low-calorie foods and drinks actually lead to a reduction in body weight has not been examined in detail. There is mounting evidence that in the short term ( 12 h), consumption of artificial sweeteners increases the motivation to eat. Rats increase food intake after drinking a saccharin solution (2). Humans report increased hunger after drinking solu- than when they were fed a high-sucrose diet (22, 23). None of the work to date has examined the effect on food intake or body weight ofadding artificial sweeteners to the normal diet. In the present study, we attempted to do this by determining the effect on long-term (3-wk) food intake and body weight of consuming APM given in soda, the most prevalent vehicle for artificial sweeteners. By comparing periods when subjects drank APM, HFCS, and no soda, we planned to examine the effect of APM both as an addition to the diet and as a l2-d sugar substitute. n the diet Methods Recruitment of subjects tions Food than These of aspartame (APM), saccharin, or acesulfame-K (3, 4). intake is greater after eating a saccharin-sweetened yogurt after a glucose-sweetened or unsweetened yogurt (5). results are not caused by a postingestive or pharmacolog- The experiment was run in two replications, held in the fall of 1987 and the spring of 1988. It was approved by the Cornmittee on Studies Involving Human Beings at the University of Pennsylvania. Potential subjects were first attracted by advertisements I 2 cal effect of the artificial sweeteners; rats eat more food after sham-drinking (ingesting but not absorbing) sucrose solution (6), and humans increase hunger ratings after chewing a gum base sweetened with as little as 0. 6 mg APM (7). Moreover, subjects who have normal sweetness perception while drinking a sweet milk shake subsequently eat more food than do subjects who cannot perceive the milk shake as sweet [because of treatment with gymnemic acid (8)]. These and other findings (9) posted the Monell on local university campuses. Upon ar- From Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia. Competitive Re- Supported y the US Department ofAgriculture’s search Grants Program grant 87-CRCR- 1-2316. 3Address reprint requests to MG Tordoff, Monell Chemical Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Senses Received Accep ted May 30, 1989. for publication August 9, 1989. Am iC/in Nutr 1990;51:963-9. Printed in USA.  © 1990 American Society for Clinical Nutrition 963 964 TABLE 1 TORDOFF AND ALLEVA each subject was weighed (wearing casual clothes, to the nearest 100 g; the weight was not revealed to the subject), the dietary record from the previous week was examined for ambiguities, and printed instructions for the following week were given. In the two soda conditions, subjects were directed to drink four sodas a day, keep unopened bottles in a refrigerator, and record the time each bottle they were notified, was consumed. In the no-soda â€Å"There are no special instructions condition, for this Constituents of aspartame-sweetened (APM) and high-fructose-cornsyrup-sweetened (HFCS) sodas ingested daily during 21-d test periods Constituent APM HFCS Weight(g) Water(mL) 1135 1130 1135 1000 APM(mg) HFCS(g) Calories (kcal) 590 1 3 0 133 530 week. † bottles carrying collected At the end of the weekly of soda for the following the sodas was somewhat them in smaller batches isit, subjects were given 28 week (if necessary). Because cumbersome, a few subjects more frequently. rival at the laboratory tive subject received for an initial a written appointment, description each of the prospecstudy and Debriefing and taste tests signed a participation consent form. The study’s purpose was stated as â€Å"an ongoing proj ect to examine basic mechanisms of food preference, food intake, and appetite. † The only procedural details given were the requirement to keep a dietary record and â€Å"you will receive beverages to drink on various days,† but â€Å"we you will receive cannot tell you at this or what they contain. You read "Study on Carbohydrates" in category "Essay examples" time how many The description drinks also included notice ofthe requirement to attend a weekly interview at the laboratory and a schedule of remuneration, totalling $ 100 for satisfactory completion ofthe experiment. Subjects were administered the 40-question eating attitudes test (EAT-40) (24), the 5 1-question Restrained Eating Questionnaire (25), and other questionnaires to assess medical history, food preferences, eating attitudes, and dietary restraint. On the basis of questionnaire responses, applicants were excluded ifthey were recently or currently dieting, were avoiding caffeine, had a family history of diabetes, or were pregnant. Initial training period At the end ofthe 9-wk test period, taste tests were conducted to see if subjects could recognize differences between soda contaming APM and HFCS. First, each subject received a series of 16 counterbalanced triangle tests: the subject attempted to pick the disparate soda from three 10-mL samples of soda, two of one variety and one of the other. Second, the subject was allowed to drink as much as he or she wanted from four cups of soda. He or she was asked to identify whether the soda was a diet or regular type. Unbeknownst to the subject, two glasses contained APM-sweetened soda and two, HFCS-sweetened soda. Finally, we asked what the subject thought the study was about. Analysis ofdietary records Downloaded from www. ajcn. org by guest on June 1, 2011 Dietary diet-analysis records software were analyzed (release 3. 0, by use of NUTRITIONIST-3 N-Squared Computing, Sil- An experienced registered dietitian instructed each subject on how to complete dietary records. The 45-mm lesson emphasized the necessity of timely and accurate record keeping and included demonstrations with food models and household measures. To augment compliance, subjects were told, â€Å"We could determine what you have eaten from analysis of urine samples† (although this was untrue). To ensure understanding ofthe instructions, subjects kept a practice dietary record for 2 or 3 d. The completed record was scrutinized by the dietitian (with the subject present) to clarify any ambiguities and to familiarize subjects with the rigor required for keeping a dietary record. At this stage six females and eight males elected to quit the experiment. Two males who kept insufficiently detailed records were also eliminated. Experiment design and procedure erton, OR) by trained personnel who were unaware of the treatment conditions. Components of foods not listed in the database were obtained directly from the manufacturers or by chemical analysis. For simplicity, we combined fructose, glucose, sucrose, and other monoand disaccharides as â€Å"sugar. † After inspection of initial results, separate values were derived f or sugar in beverages (ie, soft drinks, coffee, and tea) and food (all other sources of sugar). Results Preliminary analyses found there were no differences be- Each subject maintained a dietary record continuously for 9 wk. During this eriod they received, in counterbalanced order, for 3 wk each, soda sweetened with APM, soda sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), or no experimental drinks. The cola-flavored soda was provided in ‘ 300-mL glass bottles. There was an alphanumeric code on the cap or sleeve ofeach bottle but nothing to inform the subject ofthe identity of the drink. During the appropriate periods, subjects were required to drink four bottles ( 1 1 35 g) ofsoda daily (Table 1). At the start of the test period and then at weekly intervals, tween the results of the two replications of this study, so they were combined. Of the I 3 female and 28 male subjects who started the study, 1 female and 5 males stopped keeping dietary records or failed to keep appointments at the laboratory. Three females were eliminated because of chicken pox, pneumonia, and relocation away from the area. Two males complained about having to drink so much soda, so they were also dropped from the study. Analyses and data presentation are based on the remaining 9 females and 2 1 males. Subject characteristics Anthropometric measures are shown in Table 2. Body mass indexes ofthe females and males were 25. 4  ± 1. 4 and 25. 1  ± 0. kg/m2, respectively, which falljust below the 75th percentile of body weight distribution (26). With the exception offour males who ate fixed meals four times per week, all subjects controlled their own food choice and meal size. There were minimal re- ARTIFICIAL TABLE Physical SWEETENERS AND BODY WEIGHT 965 2 characteristics of subjects* Female (n 9) Characteristic Age (y) Height (cm) =  ±  ±  ± (n Male = 21)  ±  ±  ± 28. 2 165. 5 2. 7 2. 2 4. 3 22. 9 174. 5 76. 6 0. 8 1. 2 Weight (kg) *j ±5EM 69. 6 2. 1 ports of food allergies or aversions. scores on the EAT-40, a measure 1 1 . 8  ± 2. , males 9. 9  ± 1. 1). The ing Questionnaire revealed normal No subjects had extreme of eating disorders (females 5 1-question Restrained eating behavior except Eatthat two females and one male had high ( 2 SD above the mean) restraint (factor 1) scores and five males had high disinhibition (factor 2) scores. None of the questionnaire responses corre- lated ofthe significantly except Restrained with Eating food intake Questionnaire) or weight between and = change hunger calorie p during (factor intake the 3 dur- experiment, for a correlation ing the no-soda Body weight baseline) period (r 0. 37, 0. 05). Subjects gained slightly but wk of drinking HFCS-sweetened significantly more weight after 2 soda than after the same pesoda or no experimental soda was more marked after 3 wk (Fig did males durHFCS-sweet- riod drinking APM-sweetened (Appendix A). This difference 1). Females lost significantly more weight than ing the control (no-soda) period. While drinking ened soda, females gained p 0. 0 1) and males gained drinking APM-sweetened  ± 0. 29 kg, p kg, weight significantly (0. 97  ± 0. 25 kg, slightly (0. 52  ± 0. 23 kg, NS). While soda, females lost gained weight slightly (0. 47 males weight significantly (0. 25  ± 0. 22 NS) but 0. 05). Thus, the effect on both sexes combined and days (1-21 d). Separate analyses were performed either including or excluding the ingredients from the experimental sodas. All the analyses found that females consumed significantly less than did males, and there was no interaction between sex and treatment (Appendix A). None ofthe analyses produced a main effect or interaction involving the days factor, indicating that intakes were stable across the 2 l-d treatment periods. The possibility ofcarry-over effects from one period to another was examined using the same procedure as for body weight data. Results from the first 3-wk period were analyzed separately by using between-subject comparisons (Appendix B). The results of these analyses from a period before carry-over effects could have occurred were similar to those from the complete set of data, indicating that carry-over effects were either absent or, if present, undetectable and thus ofminor significance. Calories. Relative to calorie intake during the no-soda condition, drinking 530 kcal HFCS-sweetened soda/d produced a large and highly significant increase in total calorie intake (including calories in the experimental soda). Drinking the same volume ofAPM-sweetened soda decreased calorie intake. Both APM and HFCS consumption significantly reduced intake of calories from the diet (ie, calories excluding the sodas) to the same extent (by 179 and 195 kcal/d, respectively; Table 3). The decrease in dietary calorie intake produced by drinking either form of soda was due entirely to a decrease in sugar intake (Fig 2). Drinking soda did not affect the intake of protein, fat, alcohol, or complex (nonsugar) carbohydrate (Table 3). Sugar andsoda. During the period without experimental sodas, average intake of sugar-sweetened soda was 292  ± 1 33 g for females and 414  ± 85 g for males. Three females and two males drank essentially no ( 25 g/d) HFCS-sweetened soda; one female and two males drank 1 135 g/d. Intake of APMsweetened soda during the same period was 1 59  ± 82 g for females and 88  ± 40 g for males, which included 6 females and 16 males who did not drink any. The total intake ofboth types Downloaded from www. ajcn. org by guest on June 1, 2011 ofdrinking HFCS-sweetened body weight, whereas the soda crease was to nonsignificantly in weight seen when gain soda was to significantly increase effect of drinking APM-sweetened decrease males it. Female =9) Male (n=2 1) Because APM could of the counterbalanced reflect either a direct caused body design drank of the study, soda sweetened period the dewith influence by a previous ofthe soda or recovof HFCS- ery from possibilities, the weight we sweetened-soda consumption. compared To discriminate weight changes between of the these three ) C male and three female subgroups of subjects during the first 3 wk of the experiment (Appendix B) and during each of the three 3-wk periods of the study (Appendix C). The pattern of results for each of the periods was more-or-less similar to that seen overall, although because of the smaller group loss in sensitivity produced by the use ofbetween-subject parisons, the only significant during the first 3-wk period difference for females 0 -C 0 .4. J ii No -1 sizes and corn- ci) was present ‘ 0 0 (Appendix who effects loss drank seen C). Judging APM-sweetened weight when per se. ofbody y the desoda gain could drank FIG Soda APM crease in the weight before any possible occur, soda it appears containing that of males carry-over the weight subjects HFCS APM was due to the soda Food intake and of total calories were anwith factors of sex, treatment, Intakes of the various nutrients alyzed by three-way ANOVAs in body weight during 3-wk periods when subjects sweetened with aspartame (APM), an equal weight ofsoda sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup(HFCS), or had no experimental manipulation (no soda). *p 0. 05 relative to weight gain in no-soda period. 1. Changes drank 150 g/d of soda 966 TABLE 3 ofdrinking Effect on dietary nutrient intake sweetened with APM or HFCS* Measure Nosoda TORDOFF AND ALLEVA evidence that the effects weight were influenced soda. ofthe sodas on calorie intake and body by the subjects’ ability to identify the guessed the experiment’s purpose; most soda (1 135 g/d) APM kcal/d HFCS None ofthe subjects Females(n = 9) Alcohol Fat Protein Carbohydrate 65 ±23 747 ±93 266 ±25 39 ±12 745 ±95 262 ±28 58 ±23 726 ± 84 256 ± 27 405  ± thought we were performing market a new brand of soda. None noticed changed their body weight or altered take or selection. Discussion research of some kind on that drinking the sodas their patterns of food in- Imposing the requirement to drink 1 135 g/d of APM-sweetened soda on normal-weight, freely feeding subjects decreased calorie intake significantly (by 7%) and reduced body weight slightly (significantly in males). This was in marked contrast to 261 ±60 255 ±55 225 ±56 the highly significant, 13% increase in calorie intake and sig932 ±45 945 ±56 937  ±41 nificant increase in body weight produced by consumption of 373 ±23 384 ±27 373 ± 18 the same amount of HFCS-sweetened soda. The two types of soda produced an identical, 33% decrease in dietary sugar in617 ±43 612  ±48 ComplexCHO 624 ±49 461  ± 38t take (excluding the sugar in the soda), without affecting intake Sugar 674  ± 49 453  ± 40t Totalintake 2801  ± 150 2647 ± 153 2645 ± l24 t ofother macronutrients. This was caused in part by the â€Å"experimental† sodas displacing discretionary beverages; subjects i  ±SEM. given four bottles ofsoda per day have little motivation to purt Significantly different from no-soda condition: tp 0. 005, f#{231}p chase and drink their own. However, drinking either form of How to cite Study on Carbohydrates, Essay examples

Project Management for Cantonese and Putonghua -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProject Management for Cantonese and Putonghua. Answer: The planning elements which are used for managing coordination between involved countries are emphasis should be given on communication management plan to handle efficient communication with the utilization of languages like English, Cantonese, and Putonghua. The development of the environmental plan helps in handling the legal and political issues from different countries to maintain the ecological balance in driving out the gas pipeline within the country (Alatalo, 2012). The quality and control procedures should be used with the project execution handling program for analysing the complexity of the project. The focus should be given on the environmental risks associated with the project. The project can be successfully completed with the development of scope management plan and time management plan. The importance of scope management is to focus on activities which should be included and excluded from the activities schedule of the project undertaken. The quality control and monitoring program should be included within the activity chart (Culo, 2010). The time management plan helps in focusing on the completion of the project within the prescribed deadline of the program. The critical activities should be analysed so that they could not affect the working of the underlying process and delayed from the scheduled date. The priority should be given to the critical activities for completing the task within the mentioned end date of the project. In the given scenario, the importance is given to the management of communication between inter-countries because it helps in resolving the complexity of the project which arises with the social, legal, and political issues raised by the coordinating countries with relation to the maintenance of the ecological balance of the environment during the laying down of the pipelining within the associated countries (Lys, 2013). The underwater pipelining can have degradation on the marine life of the sea. The protection measures should be taken for securing the life of the marine animals. The process of communication helps in generating new ideas and opinion to get the solution for this major problem in laying down the pipeline under water. The importance of cordial relationship between countries helps in solving the external affairs which exist with the completion of the project. The agreement should be signed with the countries for promoting the new plans for the growth of the nation. The pipelining project of the Hong Kong provides the opportunities to different nation to cooperate in supplying the energy which helps in increasing the economic condition of the countries (Zulch, 2014). The healthy relationship between countries does not impose any illegal and political issues for creating distraction in the undertaken project. The communication helps in keeping the concern and advantage of the proposed project in front of the head of different nation to convince them to undertake the project for development of the pipeline without any objection from the concerned nation. The complexity which exists with the project can be easily solved with the accumulation of communication plan to manage effective communication betwe en the head of the countries to get effective solution to the problem. References: Alatalo, U. (2012). Communication strategies in project. Retrieved from https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/46673/Communication%20Strategy%20in%20Projects%20-%20High%20Technology%20Sector%20Viewpoint.pdf?sequence=1isAllowed=y Culo, K. (2010). Communication management is critical for project success. Retrieved from https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/89183 Lys, O. (2013). Planning project communication? And how it works. Retrieved from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:827853/FULLTEXT01.pdf Zulch, B. (2014). Communication the foundation of project management. Retrieved from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S2212017314002813/1-s2.0-S2212017314002813-main.pdf?_tid=1617a2ba-a735-4511-8134-ec6951e1fe28acdnat=1522812530_0ee5c2d0edca805408d31193ca68fa0b

Influence of John Ruskin on Architecture free essay sample

His elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art was later superseded by a preference for plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. * In all of his writings he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society. * He also made detailed sketches and painting of architectural structures and ornamentation. Many of which he drew as a small child which were deemed remarkable for a boy of his age due to their sophisticated and technicality. * First publications He was hugely influential in the layer half of the 19th century up to WW1 * Ruskin’s journeys as a child with his family have provided inspiration for his writing, * One of his first major publications came in September 1837 when a number of his writings entitled ‘The Poetry of Architecture’ appeared in Loudon’s Architectural Magazine under the pen name ‘Kata Phusin’ * Ruskin continued to produce various works that were published and widely recognised such as ‘Modern Painters’ in 1843. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of John Ruskin on Architecture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Touring and further Publications * Ruskin toured the continents with his parents in 1844, gaining further experience and giving him the opportunity to study medieval art and architecture in France, Switzerland and in particular Italy * During these travels he wrote the second volume of ‘Modern Painters’ in 1846 concentrating more on Renaissance and Pre-Renaissance artists. * The Seven Lamps * Over the next few years, Ruskin began to develop a keener interest in architecture, and in particular the gothic revival. This developing  interest led to the first work to solely bear his name, ‘The Seven Lamps of Architecture’, in 1849 which contained 14 plates etched by the author. * The title refers to seven moral categories that Ruskin considered vital to and inseparable from all architecture; sacrifice, truth, power, beauty, life, memory and obedience * With regards to moral obedience, Ruskin included his ideas on what Roman architecture should be, recommending certain styles such as Pisan Romanesque, Early Central Italian Gothic, Venetian Gothic and English Earliest Decorated ( as at the Angels Choir in Lincoln Cathedral). Seven Lamps also promoted the virtues of secular and protestant forms of Gothic architecture and was a challenge to the catholic influence of AWN Pugin. * Ruskin argued that restoration is destruction, and that ancient buildings should be preserved, but no attempt should be made to erase the accumulated history encoded in their decay. Ruskin recommended colour in buildings, flatness of surface as opposed to Pugin’s bold relief, play of light and shade, good bounding lines, squares or circles either in general boundaries or in smaller coloured areas, largeness of size and continuous repetition of arcading. * The Stones of Venice * In November 1849, Ruskin visited Venice, filling manuscript journals and notebooks with sketches and notes that he used for ‘The Stones of Venice’ later in 1857. * This publication covered two broad aspects – construction and decoration. Ruskin made many recommendations within the publication, including in particular his views and ideas regarding layers of walls by different means – by using different colours of stone or brick with marble; stratification for thick walls, chequered patterns for thin walls; towers to be plain and bold, detached if possible, not to be broken by buttresses and flat topped rather than pointed; and buttresses to be part of walls. He also included his views on the arch. * Volumes 2 and 3 In 1853, volumes II and III of ‘The Stones of Venice’ were produced by Ruskin * As well as describing such things as marble facing slabs for walls, Ruskin here considered the social conditions which would or would not allow craftsmen to enjoy working on purely decorative features, praising Gothic ornamentation. * Ruskin argued that it was an expression of the artists joy in free, creative work stating that the worker must be allowed to think and to express his own personality and ideas, ideally using his own hands, not machinery. Ruskin’s publications in Britain * Ruskin’s publications were not going unnoticed across the British Isles, in fact his works began to herald the Gothic revival movement in Britain and paved the way for the Arts and Crafts movement. * Ruskin rebelled against formal, classical art and architecture, but instead championed the asymmetrical rough architecture of medieval Europe. * Deane and Woodward * One of the first architects to respond was Thomas Deane who partnered with Benjamin Woodward in 1851. Their work was a gothic style influence by the principles of Ruskin. * Their first major design was the Museum Building at Trinity College in Dublin in 1857. * This particular building was a new engineering building inspired by Ruskin’s recommendations. * The finished building included huge chimneys, windows that ran together in arcades, grouped together within the facades, and a Grand Canal detailing that Ruskin admired in The Stones of Venice. In plan form the building included conventionally sized rooms and the interior included exotic colours, foliated carvings, alternating coloured boussoirs, and a number of unique carvings done by untrained, uneducated stone masons reflecting Ruskin’s idea of being able to freely create. * Kildare Street * In 1859, Deane and Woodward designed Kildare Street Club, a gentlemen’s club in Dublin at the heart of the Anglo-Irish Protestant ascendency. Their design as largely based on Italian Gothic style including floriated capitals with bird like detailing, interweaving, lettering and stone ‘monkeys’, and beasts playing billiards on the base of pillars * The club committee however altered their completely gothic style slightly to include large arched windows divided by thin columns * The building was described as being adorned by ‘whimsical beasts’ * Oxford Museum * A further examples of their work was the ne-gothic building of the Oxford Museum, completed in 1861. The design was directly influenced by Ruskin, who involved himself by making various suggestions to Woodward * The museum consisted of a large square court with a glass roof, supported by cast iron pillars. * Originally Ruskin wasn’t keen on the design, but later grew to appreciate it, as he believed it resembled a medieval cathedral. * Arcades, stone columns made from British stone, ornamentation of stonework and iron pillars carried Ruskin’s ideas throughout the entire building. * Woodward had set out the building as an exhibition of British stonework, creating a whole building of architecture. William Butterfield * A further figure to respond to the ideas and thinking of Ruskin was William Butterfield, notable with his design of All Saints Church in London in 1953. * He admires the ideas of stripes that Ruskin had described for brick walls and incorporated this into his design, using red brick, a materials that was long out of use in London, with the walls banded in black brick and the spire banded in stone with crisp edges. * The interior was richly patterned with inlays of marble and tile * The use of ornamentation and stencilling were also an influence of Ruskin’s critiques. George Edmund Street * George Edmund Street was an English architect who was also a leading practitioner of the Gothic Revival style influenced by Ruskin. * At an early age, he became deeply interested in the principles of gothic architecture, spending years studying it and later publishing his findings in ‘The Brick and Marble Architecture of Northern Italy’ in 1855. * One noticeable example of his work that resembles Ruskin’s ideals was the Church of St James the Less in Westminster in 1859, * Again, Street appreciated Ruskin’s ideas of stripes on exterior walls. He designed bands of different coloured brick to extend the full way to the roof, a style later described as ‘streaky bacon’. * Violent Gothic Revival * Between 1850 and 1870, the gothic revival passed through a violent period. * It was by turns geometrical, naturalistic and polychromatic, often unaccommodating and even brutal, illustrated by works of EW Goodwin, A Waterhouse and GG Scott. * However the designs of building still incorporated Ruskin’s descriptions such as bands of coloured slates, arcades, extravagant colours and medieval styles. Ruskin’s influence reached across the world and he was described as one of the more remarkable men not only of England but of all countries and times. * Theorists and practitioners over many disciplines acknowledges their debt to Ruskin, including architects such as Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright and Walter Gropius who incorporated Ruskin’s ideas into their own work. * Ruskin continued to carry out works within art, including opening the Ruskin School of Drawing in 1869, until he dies in1900.

Atomic Bomb Cake Recipe

Atomic Bomb Cake Recipe Heres an easy cake decorating idea for a mad scientist party or just for fun. Bake an atomic cake! Heres what you do: Atomic Cake Materials 2 boxes of cake mix (red velvet looks fiery or you could dye white cake with food coloring)3 containers of frosting (or make your own)props and decorations (e.g., fire-colored sprinkles, fake trees)2 unopened 15-oz cans that will stack2 round cake pans1 round glass or metal mixing bowl (same diameter or smaller than cake pans) Prepare the Atomic Cake Use one of the cake mixes to make a usual round double-layer cake. Prepare the other cake mix and bake it in the bowl.After the cakes have cooled, use a knife to cut circles in the round cakes so that you can set a can in the center of the cake. Eat or discard the pieces of cake.Set a can in the first cake layer. Frost the top of this layer.Set the other layer on top of the first layer. The can will be in the center of this cake as well. Finish frosting the cake.Invert the bowl cake onto a plate that is the same size as the cake. Frost this cake.Assemble the atomic cake by setting the second can on top of the first. Frost the cans. Place the bowl cake on the cans. Add any finishing touches. famous cake Mad Scientist Cakes | Atomic Test Photo Gallery

4 Tips on Writing a Wedding Speech

4 Tips on Writing a Wedding Speech 4 Tips on Writing a Wedding Speech Who doesn’t love weddings? Fancy clothes, romance, food and drink aplenty – they tick all the â€Å"Good Time† boxes. But wait! Maybe you’re the best man, maid of honor, or father of the bride. If so, you might find yourself distracted by fear of delivering a wedding speech. But you can’t let worries about public speaking ruin the party. And with our top tips, you can be confident of getting your wedding speech just right. We will not be recommending a sing-along, but it is an option.(Photo: Greg Neate/flickr) 1. The Essentials of a Wedding Speech There is a basic structure that most wedding speeches follow: Introduce yourself and how you know the groom and/or bride Offer an anecdote or two about your relationship with them Talk about the bride and groom as a couple Thank anyone who you need to thank (e.g., guests, parents of the couple) Make a toast to the future There is room for variation in here, depending on the tone you want to strike. But this basic structure is a good starting point for any wedding speech. 2. Be Funny (But Not Too Funny) It’s often fun to have a couple of jokes or funny stories in a wedding speech. You can look for jokes online, but people may have heard these before! Instead, try to come up with something personal to the couple. Jokes are always funnier if they are based on something true. Remember, though, that this is not a comedy routine. Your speech should celebrate the couple. And if all you do is crack jokes, it might seem like you’re not taking the wedding seriously. 3. Don’t Go There! Here is a list of things you should not do in your wedding speech: Go on about the happy couple’s ex-partners Swear and/or tell filthy jokes Discuss the couple’s relationship problems Dig out the most embarrassing stories imaginable Make it all about you Talk for hours and hours (10 minutes maximum!) You can bend these rules if you’re sure the couple and guests will be fine with what you say. But remember that Aunt Ethel might not be as happy to hear your foul-mouthed story about what the groom did on holiday in Thailand as you and your buddies! So try to judge the room. 4. Get It Proofread You might not think proofreading is important for a wedding speech, as nobody will read it except you. But it does offer advantages: Making sure it is error free will make it easier to read out loud Editing will keep your speech punchy and focused You can even request feedback on your jokes! So if you want to make a great speech, get in touch to see how we can help.

MGMT315 U5 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MGMT315 U5 IP - Research Paper Example The new office which is being planned to be opened in Austin would also need employee strength of the same numbers. This report would look into the various processes that the Chief Human Resource Officer has to take in order to acquire the brightest and the efficient talents from the job market and the strategies that are necessary to make an optimal workforce planning for the forthcoming fiscal year. Literature Review Any workforce strategist would employ a specialised process of identifying the right mix of talents in order to build up a successful team that would prove to be effective as well as efficient in their performances. There are several stages that most of the HR teams of an organisation undertake to ensure that the best talent come on board. The first step of any recruitment process is the job analysis. In this process the human resources department of the organisation has to decide how many roles have been created for that particular financial year. The managers have to perform a task analysis in order to understand the necessary requirements of the candidates who would be able to fulfil the job role. For this the HR managers has to find out the right educational qualification and work experience for the candidates and the suitable skills and experiences. The organisation has to take the help of the possible sourcing techniques like the job portals, employee referrals, newspaper advertisements as well as the other forms of the online media. The company can also go for lateral hiring and pick up candidates from the competitors. The screening and selection process comes next. This can be done with the help of written aptitude tests, psychometric tests, the screening of the candidates based on their educational qualifications and work experience, application tracking systems and so on. In doing so the company has to follow the legal and ethical mandates of the country. The screened candidates then would either go through a group discussion process or may go for an interview process which is generally held in different stages. The soft skills of the candidates are tested. The expected salaries and the other necessary aspects of the job like the timings; the responsibilities are discussed in this phase. Finally the documents of the selected candidates are verified and they are offered the job with the prospective date of joining and the mandatory medical tests that have to be undertaken. HR planning for new office in Austin In the first place the CHRO of Thinkcraft has to decide on the various kinds of roles and jobs that would be required to fulfil the requirements of the company. Just like the other offices the Austin office of Thinkcraft intends to have a capacity of 150 to 175 employees. This would include employees of all the levels. The Austin office would have a proportionate mix of software engineers who would take the control of the technicalities of the software support and the finance experts who would take care of the accounting and the core areas of the software for the financial institutions. The company has to ensure that the major process of the compliance and the auditing part are done by the auditors who are being certified by the government. This would require 50 technical experts and 50 financial experts. There would be 10 teams each having 5 experts from each of the specialised fields. The teams would be managed by 10 managers who have to be both technically sound and should have financial