Influence of John Ruskin on Architecture free essay sample

His elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art was later superseded by a preference for plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. * In all of his writings he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society. * He also made detailed sketches and painting of architectural structures and ornamentation. Many of which he drew as a small child which were deemed remarkable for a boy of his age due to their sophisticated and technicality. * First publications He was hugely influential in the layer half of the 19th century up to WW1 * Ruskin’s journeys as a child with his family have provided inspiration for his writing, * One of his first major publications came in September 1837 when a number of his writings entitled ‘The Poetry of Architecture’ appeared in Loudon’s Architectural Magazine under the pen name ‘Kata Phusin’ * Ruskin continued to produce various works that were published and widely recognised such as ‘Modern Painters’ in 1843. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of John Ruskin on Architecture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Touring and further Publications * Ruskin toured the continents with his parents in 1844, gaining further experience and giving him the opportunity to study medieval art and architecture in France, Switzerland and in particular Italy * During these travels he wrote the second volume of ‘Modern Painters’ in 1846 concentrating more on Renaissance and Pre-Renaissance artists. * The Seven Lamps * Over the next few years, Ruskin began to develop a keener interest in architecture, and in particular the gothic revival. This developing  interest led to the first work to solely bear his name, ‘The Seven Lamps of Architecture’, in 1849 which contained 14 plates etched by the author. * The title refers to seven moral categories that Ruskin considered vital to and inseparable from all architecture; sacrifice, truth, power, beauty, life, memory and obedience * With regards to moral obedience, Ruskin included his ideas on what Roman architecture should be, recommending certain styles such as Pisan Romanesque, Early Central Italian Gothic, Venetian Gothic and English Earliest Decorated ( as at the Angels Choir in Lincoln Cathedral). Seven Lamps also promoted the virtues of secular and protestant forms of Gothic architecture and was a challenge to the catholic influence of AWN Pugin. * Ruskin argued that restoration is destruction, and that ancient buildings should be preserved, but no attempt should be made to erase the accumulated history encoded in their decay. Ruskin recommended colour in buildings, flatness of surface as opposed to Pugin’s bold relief, play of light and shade, good bounding lines, squares or circles either in general boundaries or in smaller coloured areas, largeness of size and continuous repetition of arcading. * The Stones of Venice * In November 1849, Ruskin visited Venice, filling manuscript journals and notebooks with sketches and notes that he used for ‘The Stones of Venice’ later in 1857. * This publication covered two broad aspects – construction and decoration. Ruskin made many recommendations within the publication, including in particular his views and ideas regarding layers of walls by different means – by using different colours of stone or brick with marble; stratification for thick walls, chequered patterns for thin walls; towers to be plain and bold, detached if possible, not to be broken by buttresses and flat topped rather than pointed; and buttresses to be part of walls. He also included his views on the arch. * Volumes 2 and 3 In 1853, volumes II and III of ‘The Stones of Venice’ were produced by Ruskin * As well as describing such things as marble facing slabs for walls, Ruskin here considered the social conditions which would or would not allow craftsmen to enjoy working on purely decorative features, praising Gothic ornamentation. * Ruskin argued that it was an expression of the artists joy in free, creative work stating that the worker must be allowed to think and to express his own personality and ideas, ideally using his own hands, not machinery. Ruskin’s publications in Britain * Ruskin’s publications were not going unnoticed across the British Isles, in fact his works began to herald the Gothic revival movement in Britain and paved the way for the Arts and Crafts movement. * Ruskin rebelled against formal, classical art and architecture, but instead championed the asymmetrical rough architecture of medieval Europe. * Deane and Woodward * One of the first architects to respond was Thomas Deane who partnered with Benjamin Woodward in 1851. Their work was a gothic style influence by the principles of Ruskin. * Their first major design was the Museum Building at Trinity College in Dublin in 1857. * This particular building was a new engineering building inspired by Ruskin’s recommendations. * The finished building included huge chimneys, windows that ran together in arcades, grouped together within the facades, and a Grand Canal detailing that Ruskin admired in The Stones of Venice. In plan form the building included conventionally sized rooms and the interior included exotic colours, foliated carvings, alternating coloured boussoirs, and a number of unique carvings done by untrained, uneducated stone masons reflecting Ruskin’s idea of being able to freely create. * Kildare Street * In 1859, Deane and Woodward designed Kildare Street Club, a gentlemen’s club in Dublin at the heart of the Anglo-Irish Protestant ascendency. Their design as largely based on Italian Gothic style including floriated capitals with bird like detailing, interweaving, lettering and stone ‘monkeys’, and beasts playing billiards on the base of pillars * The club committee however altered their completely gothic style slightly to include large arched windows divided by thin columns * The building was described as being adorned by ‘whimsical beasts’ * Oxford Museum * A further examples of their work was the ne-gothic building of the Oxford Museum, completed in 1861. The design was directly influenced by Ruskin, who involved himself by making various suggestions to Woodward * The museum consisted of a large square court with a glass roof, supported by cast iron pillars. * Originally Ruskin wasn’t keen on the design, but later grew to appreciate it, as he believed it resembled a medieval cathedral. * Arcades, stone columns made from British stone, ornamentation of stonework and iron pillars carried Ruskin’s ideas throughout the entire building. * Woodward had set out the building as an exhibition of British stonework, creating a whole building of architecture. William Butterfield * A further figure to respond to the ideas and thinking of Ruskin was William Butterfield, notable with his design of All Saints Church in London in 1953. * He admires the ideas of stripes that Ruskin had described for brick walls and incorporated this into his design, using red brick, a materials that was long out of use in London, with the walls banded in black brick and the spire banded in stone with crisp edges. * The interior was richly patterned with inlays of marble and tile * The use of ornamentation and stencilling were also an influence of Ruskin’s critiques. George Edmund Street * George Edmund Street was an English architect who was also a leading practitioner of the Gothic Revival style influenced by Ruskin. * At an early age, he became deeply interested in the principles of gothic architecture, spending years studying it and later publishing his findings in ‘The Brick and Marble Architecture of Northern Italy’ in 1855. * One noticeable example of his work that resembles Ruskin’s ideals was the Church of St James the Less in Westminster in 1859, * Again, Street appreciated Ruskin’s ideas of stripes on exterior walls. He designed bands of different coloured brick to extend the full way to the roof, a style later described as ‘streaky bacon’. * Violent Gothic Revival * Between 1850 and 1870, the gothic revival passed through a violent period. * It was by turns geometrical, naturalistic and polychromatic, often unaccommodating and even brutal, illustrated by works of EW Goodwin, A Waterhouse and GG Scott. * However the designs of building still incorporated Ruskin’s descriptions such as bands of coloured slates, arcades, extravagant colours and medieval styles. Ruskin’s influence reached across the world and he was described as one of the more remarkable men not only of England but of all countries and times. * Theorists and practitioners over many disciplines acknowledges their debt to Ruskin, including architects such as Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright and Walter Gropius who incorporated Ruskin’s ideas into their own work. * Ruskin continued to carry out works within art, including opening the Ruskin School of Drawing in 1869, until he dies in1900.

Atomic Bomb Cake Recipe

Atomic Bomb Cake Recipe Heres an easy cake decorating idea for a mad scientist party or just for fun. Bake an atomic cake! Heres what you do: Atomic Cake Materials 2 boxes of cake mix (red velvet looks fiery or you could dye white cake with food coloring)3 containers of frosting (or make your own)props and decorations (e.g., fire-colored sprinkles, fake trees)2 unopened 15-oz cans that will stack2 round cake pans1 round glass or metal mixing bowl (same diameter or smaller than cake pans) Prepare the Atomic Cake Use one of the cake mixes to make a usual round double-layer cake. Prepare the other cake mix and bake it in the bowl.After the cakes have cooled, use a knife to cut circles in the round cakes so that you can set a can in the center of the cake. Eat or discard the pieces of cake.Set a can in the first cake layer. Frost the top of this layer.Set the other layer on top of the first layer. The can will be in the center of this cake as well. Finish frosting the cake.Invert the bowl cake onto a plate that is the same size as the cake. Frost this cake.Assemble the atomic cake by setting the second can on top of the first. Frost the cans. Place the bowl cake on the cans. Add any finishing touches. famous cake Mad Scientist Cakes | Atomic Test Photo Gallery

4 Tips on Writing a Wedding Speech

4 Tips on Writing a Wedding Speech 4 Tips on Writing a Wedding Speech Who doesn’t love weddings? Fancy clothes, romance, food and drink aplenty – they tick all the â€Å"Good Time† boxes. But wait! Maybe you’re the best man, maid of honor, or father of the bride. If so, you might find yourself distracted by fear of delivering a wedding speech. But you can’t let worries about public speaking ruin the party. And with our top tips, you can be confident of getting your wedding speech just right. We will not be recommending a sing-along, but it is an option.(Photo: Greg Neate/flickr) 1. The Essentials of a Wedding Speech There is a basic structure that most wedding speeches follow: Introduce yourself and how you know the groom and/or bride Offer an anecdote or two about your relationship with them Talk about the bride and groom as a couple Thank anyone who you need to thank (e.g., guests, parents of the couple) Make a toast to the future There is room for variation in here, depending on the tone you want to strike. But this basic structure is a good starting point for any wedding speech. 2. Be Funny (But Not Too Funny) It’s often fun to have a couple of jokes or funny stories in a wedding speech. You can look for jokes online, but people may have heard these before! Instead, try to come up with something personal to the couple. Jokes are always funnier if they are based on something true. Remember, though, that this is not a comedy routine. Your speech should celebrate the couple. And if all you do is crack jokes, it might seem like you’re not taking the wedding seriously. 3. Don’t Go There! Here is a list of things you should not do in your wedding speech: Go on about the happy couple’s ex-partners Swear and/or tell filthy jokes Discuss the couple’s relationship problems Dig out the most embarrassing stories imaginable Make it all about you Talk for hours and hours (10 minutes maximum!) You can bend these rules if you’re sure the couple and guests will be fine with what you say. But remember that Aunt Ethel might not be as happy to hear your foul-mouthed story about what the groom did on holiday in Thailand as you and your buddies! So try to judge the room. 4. Get It Proofread You might not think proofreading is important for a wedding speech, as nobody will read it except you. But it does offer advantages: Making sure it is error free will make it easier to read out loud Editing will keep your speech punchy and focused You can even request feedback on your jokes! So if you want to make a great speech, get in touch to see how we can help.

MGMT315 U5 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MGMT315 U5 IP - Research Paper Example The new office which is being planned to be opened in Austin would also need employee strength of the same numbers. This report would look into the various processes that the Chief Human Resource Officer has to take in order to acquire the brightest and the efficient talents from the job market and the strategies that are necessary to make an optimal workforce planning for the forthcoming fiscal year. Literature Review Any workforce strategist would employ a specialised process of identifying the right mix of talents in order to build up a successful team that would prove to be effective as well as efficient in their performances. There are several stages that most of the HR teams of an organisation undertake to ensure that the best talent come on board. The first step of any recruitment process is the job analysis. In this process the human resources department of the organisation has to decide how many roles have been created for that particular financial year. The managers have to perform a task analysis in order to understand the necessary requirements of the candidates who would be able to fulfil the job role. For this the HR managers has to find out the right educational qualification and work experience for the candidates and the suitable skills and experiences. The organisation has to take the help of the possible sourcing techniques like the job portals, employee referrals, newspaper advertisements as well as the other forms of the online media. The company can also go for lateral hiring and pick up candidates from the competitors. The screening and selection process comes next. This can be done with the help of written aptitude tests, psychometric tests, the screening of the candidates based on their educational qualifications and work experience, application tracking systems and so on. In doing so the company has to follow the legal and ethical mandates of the country. The screened candidates then would either go through a group discussion process or may go for an interview process which is generally held in different stages. The soft skills of the candidates are tested. The expected salaries and the other necessary aspects of the job like the timings; the responsibilities are discussed in this phase. Finally the documents of the selected candidates are verified and they are offered the job with the prospective date of joining and the mandatory medical tests that have to be undertaken. HR planning for new office in Austin In the first place the CHRO of Thinkcraft has to decide on the various kinds of roles and jobs that would be required to fulfil the requirements of the company. Just like the other offices the Austin office of Thinkcraft intends to have a capacity of 150 to 175 employees. This would include employees of all the levels. The Austin office would have a proportionate mix of software engineers who would take the control of the technicalities of the software support and the finance experts who would take care of the accounting and the core areas of the software for the financial institutions. The company has to ensure that the major process of the compliance and the auditing part are done by the auditors who are being certified by the government. This would require 50 technical experts and 50 financial experts. There would be 10 teams each having 5 experts from each of the specialised fields. The teams would be managed by 10 managers who have to be both technically sound and should have financial

Teachers connecting to todays Learners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teachers connecting to todays Learners - Essay Example Also, pattern recognition substitutes psychological processing functions in multifaceted milieu. 2) Currency is the intent of all connectivist learning activities because it is in our observation that the technological and education industries are continuously undergoing changes and advancements. Connectivism emphasizes upon the fact that learners have to remain up-to-date with all the changes occurring in their learning environment and must ensure that the knowledge they are acquiring and using is current so that all modern learning needs are satisfied (Rowley & Hartley, 2008, p.16). This is important if learners want to excel in their respective fields. 3) Learning is a process of connecting specialized nodes or information sources because in today’s modern world, it is important for the learners to make connections between specialized technological sources or nodes if they want to perform the complex tasks effectively. This enables them to make a collection of contradictory knowledge fields and perceptions which enhances their learning process. Such an aggregation of knowledge enables them to build better opinions and judgments, which makes them better individuals in the long run (Anderson, 2008,

Objectification of women Essay Example for Free

Objectification of women Essay Should prostitution be legalised and monitored or illegal and unmonitored? Main Arguments Primoratz â€Å"what’s wrong with prostitution?† ( Vol. 68, No. 264, Apr., 1993 ) Nussbaum â€Å"taking money for bodily services† Yolanda Estes â€Å"moral reflections on prostitution† Sources The philosophy of sex contemporary readings, Alan Soble and Nicholas.P.Power, Rowman Littlefield, Jan 1, 2002 Prostitution and pornography: â€Å"philosophical debate about the sex industry† Charges against prostitution: an attempt at a philosophical assessment, Chicago journals, Vol. 90, No. 3, Apr., 1980 Lars.O.Ericsson Introduction and thesis I will clearly state how my argument will be structured for prostitution through the various articles and philosophers I have studied. I shall also outline how I will come to my conclusion. Body An outline of my basic arguments will be presented with supporting sub arguments, these will include all the above references. I will use both Primoratz and Nussbaum to back up my conclusion. I will then evaluate and analyse their arguments in order to further support my view for prostitution. Then I will look at views that are opposed to the legalisation of prostitution through Yolanda Estes who defends Kantian ethics. After evaluating this I will come up with various responses. Conclusion Look at objections I was unable to argue against as lack of space, also look  at my overall argument and see implications of accepting the conclusion. Essay plan Although we are sometimes justified in withdrawing or withholding life sustaining treatment for someone who is terminally ill and suffering, we could never be justified in killing such a person? Critically discuss the claim? Intro Define what passive and active euthanasia are and their basic differences, Discuss the various arguments that you will look at and show your point of view for the essay State the part of the world that you will be discussing, both the us and uk Main body Body will be split into two main arguments, my first argument will discuss the moral difference between killing and letting a person die. I will use various references and examples from the articles and books noted. My argument will attempt to show that their can be no yes or no answer to the question as each case is very specific and should be taken on its own merits and not by one law. I will then look at various examples where courts have both ruled for and against passive and active euthanasia, critically discussing the decisions and as to weather they were morally permissible. I will then attempt to add a philosophical standpoint such as utilitarianism or Kantian ethics to further prove my original argument. After this I will also add counter arguments and attempt to provide possible responses in order to strengthen my argument. Conclusion Here I will summarise my viewpoint and show various arguments that I may have added if I had more space. I will then attempt to finish my essay with a quotation from one of the various articles that both agrees with and summarises my stance. Books and articles Euthanasia and physician assisted euthanasia, (Gerald Dworkin, Cambridge University Print, August 28 1998) Euthanasia: a reference handbook Jennifer Fecio Mcdougall, Martha Gormen, 2008) Euthanasia: death with dignity and the law, Hasel Biggs, Hart publishing, jan 1, 2008) Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (why active euthanasia should be allowed, article, 2001, navlo, Brithish medical journal)

Siddhartha Essay: Hindu and Buddhist Thought -- Hesse Siddhartha Essay

Hindu and Buddhist Thought in Siddhartha      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Siddhartha, set in India, is subtitled an "Indic Poetic Work," and it clearly owes much to Indian religions. But the question of the exact nature of Hesse's debt to various aspects of Indian religion and philosophy in Siddhartha is quite complicated and deserves detailed discussion. This essay will discuss the elements of Hindu and Buddhist thought present in Siddhartha and make distinctions between them.    "Siddhartha is one of the names of the historical Gotama" (Noss   213), the life of Hesse's character, Siddhartha resembles that of his historical counterpart to some extent. Siddhartha is by no means a fictional life of Buddha, but it does contain numerous references to Buddha and his teachings.    "The basic teaching of Buddha is formulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path" (Gupta 17). Proceeding from the premise that suffering exists and that a release from it must be found, Buddha constructed his system. The First Noble Truth is the fact of suffering. The Second Truth is that suffering arises from human desire for something, and that this desire can never be satisfied. The Third Truth is that there is a way to achieve a release from suffering. And the Fourth Truth prescribes the manner of overcoming suffering and attaining true knowledge.    The first two steps in the Eightfold Path, which leads to the cessation of suffering, are right understanding and right resolution; a person must first discover and experience the correctness of the Four Noble Truths (it is not sufficient to profess a superficial belief), and then resolve to follow the correct path. The next three steps likewise form a kind of unit: right speech, right behavior, an... ...University Press, Princeton: 1991. Gupta, Hari,   Buddhism in India. Princeton University Press, Princeton: 1964. Heinrich Dumoulin, Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1: India and China. Macmillan, New York: 1988. Hesse, Herman. Siddhartha. Dover Publications, 1998. King, Sallie B., Buddha Nature. State University of New York Press, Albany: 1991. Klostermaier, Klaus K. A Survey of Hinduism. Albany, New York: SUNY Albany Press, 1994. Matta, Eva. "Dynamic Hinduism" Ed. David Westerlund. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. 237-258. Noss, David S., and John B. Noss. The World's Religions. New York: Macmilllan College Publishing Company 1994. Shaw, Leroy, "Time and the Structure of Hermann Hesse's Siddhartha", Symposium 9 (1957): 204-224. Timpe, Eugene F. "Hesse's Siddhartha and the Bhagavad Gita". Comparative Literature, V.22 No.4 , 1970. Siddhartha Essay: Hindu and Buddhist Thought -- Hesse Siddhartha Essay Hindu and Buddhist Thought in Siddhartha      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Siddhartha, set in India, is subtitled an "Indic Poetic Work," and it clearly owes much to Indian religions. But the question of the exact nature of Hesse's debt to various aspects of Indian religion and philosophy in Siddhartha is quite complicated and deserves detailed discussion. This essay will discuss the elements of Hindu and Buddhist thought present in Siddhartha and make distinctions between them.    "Siddhartha is one of the names of the historical Gotama" (Noss   213), the life of Hesse's character, Siddhartha resembles that of his historical counterpart to some extent. Siddhartha is by no means a fictional life of Buddha, but it does contain numerous references to Buddha and his teachings.    "The basic teaching of Buddha is formulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path" (Gupta 17). Proceeding from the premise that suffering exists and that a release from it must be found, Buddha constructed his system. The First Noble Truth is the fact of suffering. The Second Truth is that suffering arises from human desire for something, and that this desire can never be satisfied. The Third Truth is that there is a way to achieve a release from suffering. And the Fourth Truth prescribes the manner of overcoming suffering and attaining true knowledge.    The first two steps in the Eightfold Path, which leads to the cessation of suffering, are right understanding and right resolution; a person must first discover and experience the correctness of the Four Noble Truths (it is not sufficient to profess a superficial belief), and then resolve to follow the correct path. The next three steps likewise form a kind of unit: right speech, right behavior, an... ...University Press, Princeton: 1991. Gupta, Hari,   Buddhism in India. Princeton University Press, Princeton: 1964. Heinrich Dumoulin, Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1: India and China. Macmillan, New York: 1988. Hesse, Herman. Siddhartha. Dover Publications, 1998. King, Sallie B., Buddha Nature. State University of New York Press, Albany: 1991. Klostermaier, Klaus K. A Survey of Hinduism. Albany, New York: SUNY Albany Press, 1994. Matta, Eva. "Dynamic Hinduism" Ed. David Westerlund. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. 237-258. Noss, David S., and John B. Noss. The World's Religions. New York: Macmilllan College Publishing Company 1994. Shaw, Leroy, "Time and the Structure of Hermann Hesse's Siddhartha", Symposium 9 (1957): 204-224. Timpe, Eugene F. "Hesse's Siddhartha and the Bhagavad Gita". Comparative Literature, V.22 No.4 , 1970.